{"meta":{"id":"tokenized-v1","title":"Tokenized oil, minerals & rare-earth RWA registry","note":"Seed registry. Entries compiled from public issuer documentation and require verification before publication. The headline finding is the gap itself: no tokenized crude oil or rare-earth product currently operates at institutional scale.","sources":["Issuer documentation","Public block explorers"],"version":"0.2.0"},"gap":{"oilEquityMarketCapUSD":2100000000000,"oilEquityNote":"Approximate combined market capitalization of listed oil & gas majors (illustrative order of magnitude)","tokenizedOilUSD":0,"tokenizedCommodityRWAUSD":1400000000,"tokenizedCommodityNote":"Approximate live tokenized commodity value, dominated by gold products (PAXG, XAUT)","miningEquityMarketCapUSD":2300000000000,"miningEquityNote":"Approximate combined market capitalization of listed mining & materials majors (illustrative order of magnitude)","tokenizedRareEarthUSD":0,"rareEarthNote":"No tokenized rare-earth instrument exists at any scale — the second whitespace GEOM tracks"},"assets":[{"symbol":"PTR","name":"Petro","issuer":"Government of Venezuela","underlying":"Claimed oil-reserve backing","category":"oil-backed","chains":["Proprietary"],"status":"defunct","relevance":"Cautionary precedent: oil-linked token without verifiable reserves attestation or redemption, wound down in 2024"},{"symbol":"—","name":"Direct tokenized crude (barrels / royalty streams)","issuer":"None at institutional scale","underlying":"Physical crude, wellbore royalty interests","category":"oil-backed","chains":[],"status":"gap","relevance":"The primary whitespace GEOM targets: no verifiable, institutionally credible tokenized crude instrument exists today"},{"symbol":"—","name":"Energy-asset tokenization pilots (e.g. PermianChain-style)","issuer":"Various early-stage platforms","underlying":"Wellbore interests, gas-to-compute offtake","category":"oil-backed","chains":["Multiple"],"status":"partial","relevance":"Pilot-scale platforms have tokenized upstream interests; none reached institutional scale or continuous disclosure"},{"symbol":"PAXG","name":"Pax Gold","issuer":"Paxos","underlying":"Allocated gold (LBMA)","category":"commodity-gold","chains":["Ethereum"],"status":"live","relevance":"Benchmark for compliant commodity-backed token structure — the template a crude- or REE-backed token would follow"},{"symbol":"XAUT","name":"Tether Gold","issuer":"Tether","underlying":"Allocated gold","category":"commodity-gold","chains":["Ethereum"],"status":"live","relevance":"Largest tokenized commodity by market value alongside PAXG"},{"symbol":"KAU","name":"Kinesis Gold","issuer":"Kinesis","underlying":"Allocated gold (1g units)","category":"commodity-gold","chains":["Kinesis chain"],"status":"live","relevance":"Gram-denominated allocated gold with yield mechanics — alternative structure to PAXG/XAUT"},{"symbol":"VNXAU","name":"VNX Gold","issuer":"VNX (Liechtenstein)","underlying":"Allocated gold (LBMA)","category":"commodity-gold","chains":["Multiple EVM"],"status":"live","relevance":"EU-regulated issuer under Liechtenstein token law — regulatory template relevant to any EU-listed resource token"},{"symbol":"CGO","name":"Comtech Gold","issuer":"Comtech Gold (Dubai)","underlying":"Allocated gold (DMCC vaults)","category":"commodity-gold","chains":["XDC"],"status":"partial","relevance":"Gulf-jurisdiction gold token — regional precedent for commodity tokenization out of the UAE"},{"symbol":"PMGT","name":"Perth Mint Gold Token","issuer":"Trovio / Perth Mint","underlying":"GoldPass certificates (government mint)","category":"commodity-gold","chains":["Ethereum"],"status":"defunct","relevance":"Cautionary precedent: even a government-mint-backed token wound down (2023) without institutional adoption"},{"symbol":"DGX","name":"Digix Gold","issuer":"Digix","underlying":"Allocated gold (1g units)","category":"commodity-gold","chains":["Ethereum"],"status":"defunct","relevance":"Early (2018) gold token wound down 2023 — demonstrates redemption-model fragility without scale"},{"symbol":"KAG","name":"Kinesis Silver","issuer":"Kinesis","underlying":"Allocated silver (1oz units)","category":"precious-metals","chains":["Kinesis chain"],"status":"live","relevance":"The main live tokenized-silver product — silver coverage is far thinner than gold"},{"symbol":"AGX","name":"LODE Silver (AGX)","issuer":"LODE","underlying":"Vaulted silver","category":"precious-metals","chains":["Multiple"],"status":"partial","relevance":"Community silver-token project — tracked as structure precedent, custody verification pending"},{"symbol":"—","name":"Tokenized platinum / palladium / PGMs","issuer":"None at institutional scale","underlying":"Platinum-group metals","category":"precious-metals","chains":[],"status":"gap","relevance":"PGMs (auto catalysts, hydrogen) have no credible tokenized instrument — open whitespace"},{"symbol":"U","name":"Uranium.io tokenized U3O8","issuer":"Uranium.io consortium","underlying":"Physical uranium (U3O8) via regulated depository","category":"uranium","chains":["Tezos","Etherlink"],"status":"partial","relevance":"First physical-uranium tokenization with named custody — the closest live analog to what tokenized crude would require"},{"symbol":"—","name":"Tokenized copper & nickel","issuer":"None at institutional scale","underlying":"LME-grade base metals","category":"base-metals","chains":[],"status":"gap","relevance":"LME-scale physical markets with zero verified tokenization — base-metals whitespace mirrors crude"},{"symbol":"—","name":"Tokenized lithium","issuer":"None verified","underlying":"Lithium carbonate / hydroxide offtake","category":"battery-metals","chains":[],"status":"gap","relevance":"Strategic battery input with no on-chain instrument; offtake tokenization repeatedly announced, never verified"},{"symbol":"—","name":"Tokenized cobalt & graphite","issuer":"None verified","underlying":"Battery-grade cobalt, graphite","category":"battery-metals","chains":[],"status":"gap","relevance":"Supply-chain provenance pilots exist (ledger-tracking), but no asset-backed token — provenance ≠ tokenization"},{"symbol":"—","name":"Tokenized rare earths (NdPr, Dy, Tb)","issuer":"None at any scale","underlying":"Separated rare-earth oxides","category":"rare-earths","chains":[],"status":"gap","relevance":"The second whitespace GEOM targets: strategic REE demand, export-control pressure, and zero tokenized instruments"},{"symbol":"—","name":"REE offtake / royalty tokenization pilots","issuer":"Various announced, none verified","underlying":"Rare-earth offtake agreements","category":"rare-earths","chains":[],"status":"partial","relevance":"Announcements exist around REE offtake tokenization; none has produced a verifiable on-chain instrument"},{"symbol":"—","name":"Tokenized oil-major equity wrappers","issuer":"Various (e.g. Backed / xStocks-style issuers)","underlying":"Listed oil & gas equities","category":"tokenized-equity","chains":["Multiple"],"status":"partial","relevance":"Equity wrapper programs exist but oil & gas coverage is thin and unverified — tracked as a coverage gap"},{"symbol":"—","name":"Tokenized mining-major equity wrappers","issuer":"Various wrapper issuers","underlying":"Listed mining & materials equities","category":"tokenized-equity","chains":["Multiple"],"status":"partial","relevance":"Mining and REE equities are barely covered by wrapper programs — same coverage gap as oil majors"},{"symbol":"OUSG","name":"Ondo Short-Term US Govt Bond","issuer":"Ondo Finance","underlying":"US Treasuries","category":"context-rwa","chains":["Ethereum"],"status":"live","relevance":"Context: institutional RWA rails exist and are proven for treasuries — not yet applied to energy or minerals"},{"symbol":"BUIDL","name":"BlackRock USD Institutional Digital Liquidity Fund","issuer":"BlackRock / Securitize","underlying":"Cash, US Treasuries, repo","category":"context-rwa","chains":["Ethereum","Multiple"],"status":"live","relevance":"Context: the largest asset manager runs tokenized funds at scale — institutional appetite is proven, resource assets remain unserved"}],"watchlist":[{"ticker":"XOM","name":"Exxon Mobil","listing":"NYSE","sector":"oil","tokenization":"none-verified"},{"ticker":"CVX","name":"Chevron","listing":"NYSE","sector":"oil","tokenization":"none-verified"},{"ticker":"SHEL","name":"Shell","listing":"NYSE/LSE","sector":"oil","tokenization":"none-verified"},{"ticker":"TTE","name":"TotalEnergies","listing":"NYSE/Euronext","sector":"oil","tokenization":"none-verified"},{"ticker":"BP","name":"BP","listing":"NYSE/LSE","sector":"oil","tokenization":"none-verified"},{"ticker":"COP","name":"ConocoPhillips","listing":"NYSE","sector":"oil","tokenization":"none-verified"},{"ticker":"OXY","name":"Occidental Petroleum","listing":"NYSE","sector":"oil","tokenization":"none-verified"},{"ticker":"EQNR","name":"Equinor","listing":"NYSE/OSE","sector":"oil","tokenization":"none-verified"},{"ticker":"TBA","name":"GEOM NASDAQ partner companies","listing":"NASDAQ","sector":"oil","tokenization":"pending-announcement"},{"ticker":"MP","name":"MP Materials","listing":"NYSE","sector":"mining","tokenization":"none-verified"},{"ticker":"LYC","name":"Lynas Rare Earths","listing":"ASX","sector":"mining","tokenization":"none-verified"},{"ticker":"UUUU","name":"Energy Fuels","listing":"NYSE American","sector":"mining","tokenization":"none-verified"},{"ticker":"CCJ","name":"Cameco","listing":"NYSE/TSX","sector":"mining","tokenization":"none-verified"},{"ticker":"ALB","name":"Albemarle","listing":"NYSE","sector":"mining","tokenization":"none-verified"},{"ticker":"SQM","name":"Sociedad Química y Minera","listing":"NYSE/Santiago","sector":"mining","tokenization":"none-verified"},{"ticker":"FCX","name":"Freeport-McMoRan","listing":"NYSE","sector":"mining","tokenization":"none-verified"},{"ticker":"BHP","name":"BHP Group","listing":"NYSE/ASX/LSE","sector":"mining","tokenization":"none-verified"},{"ticker":"RIO","name":"Rio Tinto","listing":"NYSE/LSE/ASX","sector":"mining","tokenization":"none-verified"},{"ticker":"GLEN","name":"Glencore","listing":"LSE","sector":"mining","tokenization":"none-verified"},{"ticker":"VALE","name":"Vale","listing":"NYSE/B3","sector":"mining","tokenization":"none-verified"},{"ticker":"NEM","name":"Newmont","listing":"NYSE","sector":"mining","tokenization":"none-verified"},{"ticker":"GOLD","name":"Barrick Gold","listing":"NYSE/TSX","sector":"mining","tokenization":"none-verified"}]}