{"meta":{"id":"sites-v1","title":"Global mineral, rare-earth & nuclear asset registry","note":"Seed dataset. Locations are approximate site centroids; production and capacity figures are approximate latest public values and require verification against operator disclosures before publication.","sources":["Operator disclosures","Mining.com rankings","World Nuclear Association","USGS"],"version":"0.1.0"},"sites":[{"name":"Escondida","country":"Chile","lat":-24.27,"lng":-69.07,"group":"base","commodity":"Copper","operator":"BHP / Rio Tinto JV","figure":"~1.35 Mt Cu/yr — world's largest","status":"producing","arctic":false,"note":"Atacama porphyry complex; roughly 5% of global mined copper"},{"name":"Collahuasi","country":"Chile","lat":-20.98,"lng":-68.68,"group":"base","commodity":"Copper","operator":"Anglo American / Glencore","figure":"~0.55 Mt Cu/yr","status":"producing","arctic":false,"note":"High-altitude porphyry; consistent top-5 producer"},{"name":"El Teniente","country":"Chile","lat":-34.09,"lng":-70.35,"group":"base","commodity":"Copper","operator":"Codelco","figure":"~0.45 Mt Cu/yr","status":"producing","arctic":false,"note":"World's largest underground copper mine"},{"name":"Chuquicamata","country":"Chile","lat":-22.28,"lng":-68.9,"group":"base","commodity":"Copper","operator":"Codelco","figure":"~0.3 Mt Cu/yr","status":"producing","arctic":false,"note":"Century-old open pit converting to underground"},{"name":"Grasberg","country":"Indonesia","lat":-4.06,"lng":137.11,"group":"base","commodity":"Copper · Gold","operator":"Freeport-McMoRan","figure":"~0.7 Mt Cu + ~1 Moz Au/yr capacity","status":"constrained","arctic":false,"note":"Production suspended after the Sept 2025 landslide; restart phased"},{"name":"Kamoa-Kakula","country":"DR Congo","lat":-10.77,"lng":26.42,"group":"base","commodity":"Copper","operator":"Ivanhoe / Zijin","figure":"~0.39 Mt Cu in 2025","status":"producing","arctic":false,"note":"Highest-grade major copper complex; 2025 flooding halted ramp-up"},{"name":"Tenke Fungurume","country":"DR Congo","lat":-10.62,"lng":26.2,"group":"base","commodity":"Copper · Cobalt","operator":"CMOC","figure":"~0.52 Mt Cu/yr","status":"producing","arctic":false,"note":"Copper-cobalt giant; now the #2 copper mine globally"},{"name":"Oyu Tolgoi","country":"Mongolia","lat":43.01,"lng":106.86,"group":"base","commodity":"Copper","operator":"Rio Tinto","figure":"ramping to ~0.5 Mt Cu/yr","status":"producing","arctic":false,"note":"Underground block cave in the Gobi; top-4 by 2030"},{"name":"Morenci","country":"United States","lat":33.05,"lng":-109.33,"group":"base","commodity":"Copper","operator":"Freeport-McMoRan","figure":"~0.4 Mt Cu/yr","status":"producing","arctic":false,"note":"Largest North American copper producer"},{"name":"Cerro Verde","country":"Peru","lat":-16.54,"lng":-71.59,"group":"base","commodity":"Copper","operator":"Freeport-McMoRan","figure":"~0.43 Mt Cu/yr","status":"producing","arctic":false,"note":"Concentrator among the world's largest"},{"name":"Antamina","country":"Peru","lat":-9.54,"lng":-77.06,"group":"base","commodity":"Copper · Zinc","operator":"BHP / Glencore JV","figure":"~0.4 Mt Cu/yr","status":"producing","arctic":false,"note":"High-Andes polymetallic skarn"},{"name":"Las Bambas","country":"Peru","lat":-14.04,"lng":-72.33,"group":"base","commodity":"Copper","operator":"MMG","figure":"~0.35 Mt Cu/yr","status":"producing","arctic":false,"note":"Output episodically hit by community blockades"},{"name":"Carajás (Serra Norte)","country":"Brazil","lat":-6.06,"lng":-50.17,"group":"base","commodity":"Iron ore","operator":"Vale","figure":"~120+ Mt/yr system","status":"producing","arctic":false,"note":"World's largest iron ore mine; highest-grade major system"},{"name":"Mount Whaleback","country":"Australia","lat":-23.36,"lng":119.67,"group":"base","commodity":"Iron ore","operator":"BHP","figure":"Pilbara hub ~290 Mt/yr (WAIO)","status":"producing","arctic":false,"note":"Anchor of the Pilbara iron province"},{"name":"Hamersley (Tom Price)","country":"Australia","lat":-22.75,"lng":117.79,"group":"base","commodity":"Iron ore","operator":"Rio Tinto","figure":"Pilbara system ~330 Mt/yr","status":"producing","arctic":false,"note":"Rio's original Pilbara mine, 1966"},{"name":"Simandou","country":"Guinea","lat":-8.54,"lng":-8.88,"group":"base","commodity":"Iron ore","operator":"Rio Tinto / WCS consortia","figure":"ramping to ~120 Mt/yr","status":"development","arctic":false,"note":"Largest untapped high-grade iron deposit; first ore 2025-26"},{"name":"Kiruna","country":"Sweden","lat":67.86,"lng":20.19,"group":"base","commodity":"Iron ore · REE","operator":"LKAB","figure":"~27 Mt/yr","status":"producing","arctic":true,"note":"World's largest underground iron mine; adjacent Per Geijer REE resource is Europe's largest"},{"name":"Norilsk","country":"Russia","lat":69.35,"lng":88.2,"group":"battery","commodity":"Nickel · Palladium","operator":"Nornickel","figure":"~0.2 Mt Ni + ~2.6 Moz Pd/yr","status":"producing","arctic":true,"note":"Arctic polymetallic complex; world's top palladium source"},{"name":"Weda Bay","country":"Indonesia","lat":0.48,"lng":127.94,"group":"battery","commodity":"Nickel","operator":"Tsingshan / Eramet","figure":"world's largest Ni mine by output","status":"producing","arctic":false,"note":"Halmahera laterite feeding Indonesia's NPI/HPAL boom"},{"name":"Sorowako","country":"Indonesia","lat":-2.53,"lng":121.36,"group":"battery","commodity":"Nickel","operator":"Vale Indonesia","figure":"~70 kt Ni/yr in matte","status":"producing","arctic":false,"note":"Long-life laterite operation, Sulawesi"},{"name":"Mutanda","country":"DR Congo","lat":-10.79,"lng":25.79,"group":"battery","commodity":"Cobalt · Copper","operator":"Glencore","figure":"top global cobalt source","status":"producing","arctic":false,"note":"Restarted 2022 after care & maintenance; DRC supplies ~70% of cobalt"},{"name":"Greenbushes","country":"Australia","lat":-33.85,"lng":116.06,"group":"battery","commodity":"Lithium","operator":"Talison (Tianqi/IGO/Albemarle)","figure":"~1.4 Mt spodumene/yr — world's largest","status":"producing","arctic":false,"note":"Highest-grade hard-rock lithium mine on earth"},{"name":"Salar de Atacama","country":"Chile","lat":-23.5,"lng":-68.25,"group":"battery","commodity":"Lithium (brine)","operator":"SQM / Albemarle","figure":"~200 kt LCE/yr (SQM)","status":"producing","arctic":false,"note":"World's richest lithium brine; half of global brine output"},{"name":"Cauchari-Olaroz","country":"Argentina","lat":-23.49,"lng":-66.75,"group":"battery","commodity":"Lithium (brine)","operator":"Lithium Argentina / Ganfeng","figure":"~40 kt LCE/yr ramping","status":"producing","arctic":false,"note":"Lithium Triangle's largest new brine project"},{"name":"Thacker Pass","country":"United States","lat":41.71,"lng":-118.06,"group":"battery","commodity":"Lithium (clay)","operator":"Lithium Americas / GM","figure":"Phase 1 ~40 kt LCE/yr","status":"development","arctic":false,"note":"Largest known US lithium resource; DOE-backed"},{"name":"Muruntau","country":"Uzbekistan","lat":41.5,"lng":64.58,"group":"precious","commodity":"Gold","operator":"Navoi MMC","figure":"~1.7 Moz/yr — world's largest","status":"producing","arctic":false,"note":"Kyzylkum open pit; largest gold mine by output and pit scale"},{"name":"Olimpiada","country":"Russia","lat":59.15,"lng":92.9,"group":"precious","commodity":"Gold","operator":"Polyus","figure":"~1.36 Moz/yr","status":"producing","arctic":false,"note":"Russia's biggest gold operation"},{"name":"Carlin Trend (NGM)","country":"United States","lat":40.72,"lng":-116.1,"group":"precious","commodity":"Gold","operator":"Nevada Gold Mines (Barrick/Newmont)","figure":"~3 Moz/yr across NGM","status":"producing","arctic":false,"note":"The most productive gold district in the western hemisphere"},{"name":"Boddington","country":"Australia","lat":-32.75,"lng":116.35,"group":"precious","commodity":"Gold · Copper","operator":"Newmont","figure":"~0.75 Moz/yr","status":"producing","arctic":false,"note":"Australia's largest gold mine"},{"name":"Pueblo Viejo","country":"Dominican Republic","lat":18.93,"lng":-70.18,"group":"precious","commodity":"Gold","operator":"Barrick / Newmont","figure":"~0.7 Moz/yr","status":"producing","arctic":false,"note":"Caribbean's largest gold operation"},{"name":"Mogalakwena","country":"South Africa","lat":-24.02,"lng":28.93,"group":"precious","commodity":"Platinum group","operator":"Anglo American Platinum","figure":"~1 Moz PGM/yr","status":"producing","arctic":false,"note":"World's largest open-pit PGM mine, Bushveld Complex"},{"name":"Fresnillo","country":"Mexico","lat":23.18,"lng":-102.87,"group":"precious","commodity":"Silver","operator":"Fresnillo plc","figure":"~50 Moz Ag/yr (district)","status":"producing","arctic":false,"note":"World's premier primary silver district"},{"name":"Cannington","country":"Australia","lat":-21.87,"lng":140.91,"group":"precious","commodity":"Silver · Lead","operator":"South32","figure":"~12 Moz Ag/yr","status":"producing","arctic":false,"note":"Among the largest single silver-lead mines"},{"name":"Red Dog","country":"United States","lat":68.07,"lng":-162.87,"group":"base","commodity":"Zinc","operator":"Teck","figure":"~0.55 Mt Zn/yr","status":"producing","arctic":true,"note":"Arctic Alaska; world's largest zinc mine"},{"name":"Rampura Agucha","country":"India","lat":25.83,"lng":74.73,"group":"base","commodity":"Zinc","operator":"Hindustan Zinc","figure":"~0.5 Mt Zn/yr","status":"producing","arctic":false,"note":"World's largest underground zinc operation"},{"name":"Weipa","country":"Australia","lat":-12.68,"lng":141.92,"group":"base","commodity":"Bauxite","operator":"Rio Tinto","figure":"~35 Mt/yr","status":"producing","arctic":false,"note":"One of the largest bauxite complexes globally"},{"name":"Sangaredi (CBG)","country":"Guinea","lat":11.1,"lng":-13.83,"group":"base","commodity":"Bauxite","operator":"CBG consortium","figure":"~16 Mt/yr","status":"producing","arctic":false,"note":"Guinea holds the world's largest bauxite reserves"},{"name":"Bayan Obo","country":"China","lat":41.77,"lng":109.97,"group":"ree","commodity":"Rare earths · Iron","operator":"China Northern Rare Earth","figure":"~half of global REO supply","status":"producing","arctic":false,"note":"World's dominant REE source; >80% of China's reserves"},{"name":"Mountain Pass","country":"United States","lat":35.48,"lng":-115.53,"group":"ree","commodity":"Rare earths","operator":"MP Materials","figure":"~45 kt REO/yr — US record","status":"producing","arctic":false,"note":"The only US rare-earth mine; magnetics buildout underway"},{"name":"Mount Weld","country":"Australia","lat":-28.86,"lng":122.56,"group":"ree","commodity":"Rare earths (NdPr)","operator":"Lynas Rare Earths","figure":"12 kt NdPr/yr target","status":"producing","arctic":false,"note":"Richest known REE orebody outside China"},{"name":"Lovozero","country":"Russia","lat":67.88,"lng":34.75,"group":"ree","commodity":"Rare earths (loparite)","operator":"Rosatom units","figure":"Russia's main REE source","status":"producing","arctic":true,"note":"Kola Peninsula Arctic REE district"},{"name":"Nolans Bore","country":"Australia","lat":-22.6,"lng":133.25,"group":"ree","commodity":"Rare earths (NdPr)","operator":"Arafura","figure":"~4.4 kt NdPr/yr planned","status":"development","arctic":false,"note":"Fully-permitted Australian NdPr project"},{"name":"Tanbreez (Kringlerne)","country":"Greenland","lat":60.88,"lng":-45.83,"group":"ree","commodity":"Rare earths (heavy)","operator":"Critical Metals Corp","figure":"45→130 Mt resource drive","status":"development","arctic":true,"note":"Environmental permit cleared 2026; drilling underway; ore targeted 2028-29 — the West's largest heavy-REE project"},{"name":"Kuannersuit (Kvanefjeld)","country":"Greenland","lat":60.98,"lng":-46.02,"group":"ree","commodity":"Rare earths · Uranium","operator":"Energy Transition Minerals","figure":"top-3 global REE resource","status":"blocked","arctic":true,"note":"Halted by Greenland's 2021 uranium ban (>100 ppm U)"},{"name":"Citronen Fjord","country":"Greenland","lat":83.08,"lng":-28.2,"group":"base","commodity":"Zinc","operator":"Ironbark","figure":"~13 Mt contained Zn resource","status":"dormant","arctic":true,"note":"One of the northernmost mineral projects on earth"},{"name":"Isua","country":"Greenland","lat":65.18,"lng":-49.8,"group":"base","commodity":"Iron ore","operator":"License holder (dormant)","figure":"high-grade magnetite resource","status":"dormant","arctic":true,"note":"Ice-margin iron project, 150 km NE of Nuuk"},{"name":"Malmbjerg","country":"Greenland","lat":71.93,"lng":-24.25,"group":"base","commodity":"Molybdenum","operator":"Greenland Resources","figure":"~245 Mt resource","status":"dormant","arctic":true,"note":"East Greenland climax-type moly deposit"},{"name":"Cigar Lake","country":"Canada","lat":58.07,"lng":-104.54,"group":"nuclear","commodity":"Uranium","operator":"Cameco / Orano","figure":"~18 Mlb U3O8/yr","status":"producing","arctic":false,"note":"World's highest-grade uranium mine, Athabasca Basin"},{"name":"McArthur River","country":"Canada","lat":57.76,"lng":-105.05,"group":"nuclear","commodity":"Uranium","operator":"Cameco","figure":"~18 Mlb U3O8/yr","status":"producing","arctic":false,"note":"Largest high-grade uranium deposit; restarted 2022"},{"name":"Olympic Dam","country":"Australia","lat":-30.44,"lng":136.87,"group":"nuclear","commodity":"Uranium · Copper","operator":"BHP","figure":"world's largest U resource","status":"producing","arctic":false,"note":"Polymetallic giant: copper, uranium, gold, silver"},{"name":"Husab","country":"Namibia","lat":-22.6,"lng":15.03,"group":"nuclear","commodity":"Uranium","operator":"CGN / Swakop Uranium","figure":"~4.9 kt U/yr","status":"producing","arctic":false,"note":"China-backed; among top-3 uranium mines"},{"name":"Inkai","country":"Kazakhstan","lat":45.2,"lng":66.8,"group":"nuclear","commodity":"Uranium (ISR)","operator":"Kazatomprom / Cameco","figure":"~8.3 Mlb/yr target","status":"producing","arctic":false,"note":"Kazakhstan supplies ~40% of world uranium"},{"name":"Arlit (SOMAIR)","country":"Niger","lat":18.74,"lng":7.39,"group":"nuclear","commodity":"Uranium","operator":"Orano (disputed)","figure":"historically ~2 kt U/yr","status":"constrained","arctic":false,"note":"Operations disrupted since the 2023 coup; ownership contested"},{"name":"Kashiwazaki-Kariwa","country":"Japan","lat":37.43,"lng":138.6,"group":"nuclear","commodity":"Nuclear plant","operator":"TEPCO","figure":"7.97 GW — world's largest","status":"restart-pending","arctic":false,"note":"Idled post-2011; restart approvals in progress"},{"name":"Hanul","country":"South Korea","lat":37.09,"lng":129.38,"group":"nuclear","commodity":"Nuclear plant","operator":"KHNP","figure":"~9.1 GW across 8 units","status":"operating","arctic":false,"note":"World's largest operating nuclear site by capacity"},{"name":"Kori","country":"South Korea","lat":35.32,"lng":129.29,"group":"nuclear","commodity":"Nuclear plant","operator":"KHNP","figure":"~7.8 GW","status":"operating","arctic":false,"note":"One of the largest operating stations globally"},{"name":"Bruce","country":"Canada","lat":44.33,"lng":-81.6,"group":"nuclear","commodity":"Nuclear plant","operator":"Bruce Power","figure":"6.55 GW, 8 CANDU units","status":"operating","arctic":false,"note":"Western hemisphere's largest operating plant"},{"name":"Zaporizhzhia","country":"Ukraine","lat":47.51,"lng":34.59,"group":"nuclear","commodity":"Nuclear plant","operator":"Energoatom (occupied)","figure":"6.0 GW — Europe's largest","status":"constrained","arctic":false,"note":"In cold shutdown under military occupation"},{"name":"Gravelines","country":"France","lat":50.99,"lng":2.13,"group":"nuclear","commodity":"Nuclear plant","operator":"EDF","figure":"5.46 GW, 6 units","status":"operating","arctic":false,"note":"Largest plant in Western Europe; two EPR2 units planned"},{"name":"Barakah","country":"UAE","lat":23.97,"lng":52.19,"group":"nuclear","commodity":"Nuclear plant","operator":"ENEC / KEPCO","figure":"5.6 GW, 4 APR-1400","status":"operating","arctic":false,"note":"First Arab nuclear plant; full fleet online 2024"},{"name":"Palo Verde","country":"United States","lat":33.39,"lng":-112.86,"group":"nuclear","commodity":"Nuclear plant","operator":"APS","figure":"3.94 GW","status":"operating","arctic":false,"note":"Largest US generator of any kind, most years"},{"name":"Vogtle","country":"United States","lat":33.14,"lng":-81.76,"group":"nuclear","commodity":"Nuclear plant","operator":"Southern Company","figure":"~4.5 GW incl. AP1000 units 3-4","status":"operating","arctic":false,"note":"First new US reactors in a generation (2023-24)"},{"name":"Taishan","country":"China","lat":21.92,"lng":112.98,"group":"nuclear","commodity":"Nuclear plant","operator":"CGN / EDF","figure":"3.5 GW, 2 EPR","status":"operating","arctic":false,"note":"First EPRs in commercial operation"},{"name":"Olkiluoto","country":"Finland","lat":61.24,"lng":21.44,"group":"nuclear","commodity":"Nuclear plant","operator":"TVO","figure":"OL3: 1.6 GW — Europe's largest reactor","status":"operating","arctic":false,"note":"Also hosts Onkalo, the world's first deep geological repository"},{"name":"Hinkley Point C","country":"United Kingdom","lat":51.21,"lng":-3.13,"group":"nuclear","commodity":"Nuclear plant","operator":"EDF / CGN","figure":"3.26 GW under construction","status":"construction","arctic":false,"note":"First new UK nuclear in 30 years"},{"name":"Akkuyu","country":"Turkey","lat":36.14,"lng":33.54,"group":"nuclear","commodity":"Nuclear plant","operator":"Rosatom","figure":"4.8 GW planned, 4 VVER","status":"construction","arctic":false,"note":"Turkey's first nuclear plant"},{"name":"Darlington New Nuclear","country":"Canada","lat":43.87,"lng":-78.72,"group":"nuclear","commodity":"Nuclear plant (SMR)","operator":"OPG / GE Hitachi","figure":"4 × BWRX-300 planned","status":"construction","arctic":false,"note":"First grid-scale SMR build in the West"}]}